Thymosin alpha 1 peptide (common brand names: Thymalfasin/Zadaxin) is a short peptide immunomodulator derived from prothymosin alpha. It acts by enhancing, recalibrating, and fine‑tuning immune responses; key effects include promoting dendritic cell maturation, driving T‑cell polarization and functional restoration, boosting natural killer (NK) cell activity, and optimizing cytokine networks relevant to antiviral and antitumor immunity. Clinically, the most frequently studied applications are adjunctive therapy for chronic hepatitis B, immune reconstitution in states of immunodeficiency, and use as an immunologic adjuvant to certain therapies or vaccines.
Shaanxi Medibridge has spent 14 years supplying research‑grade peptide materials to laboratories worldwide, building expertise in synthesis, purification, and quality control. We offer Thymosin alpha 1 at up to 99.62% purity, supported by HPLC/LC‑MS data and full COAs. Lots are consistent from grams to multi‑kilogram orders.
COA
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Product Name |
CAS Number |
Batch Number |
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Thymosin alpha 1 peptide |
62304-98-7 |
MB2509081549 |
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Manufacturer Date |
Analysis Date |
Expiry Date |
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2025-09-08 |
2025-09-09 |
2027-09-07 |
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Sample Qty Base |
Packing |
Test Method |
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6.32 KGS |
10Gs/BOTTLE |
HPLC |
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Item |
Standard |
Results |
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Purity |
≥98% |
99.62% |
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Peptide Assay |
≥80% |
88.53% |
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Mass Spectrum |
3108.28 |
3108.28 |
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Solubility |
Soluble in water |
Complies |
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Clarity and color of solution |
Clear and colorless |
Complies |
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Sodium salt |
<5.0% |
1.15% |
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Water |
≤7.0% |
3.51% |
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Residual Solvent: |
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Methanol |
≤0.3% |
Complies |
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Isopropanol |
≤0.5% |
0.158% |
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Acetonitrile |
≤0.041% |
0.019% |
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Methylene Chloride |
≤0.06% |
0.028% |
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N,N-Dimethylformamide |
≤0.088% |
Complies |
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Triethylamine |
≤0.032% |
Complies |
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Tert-butyl methyl ether |
≤0.5% |
0.152% |
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Endotoxin |
≤0.5 EU/mg |
Complies |
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Microbial Limit |
Total aerobic bacteria <100 CFU/g Total yeast & mold <50 CFU/g |
<50 CFU/g <10 CFU/g |
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Storage |
Keep in dark and cool dry place (-20 to 8°C) |
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Conclusion |
The batch conforms to the IN-HOUSE standard |
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Specification(for research use only)
Our advantages
1.Ultra‑high purity: up to 99.62% by analytical HPLC; identity confirmed by LC–MS, supplied with full CoA.
2.Research‑grade quality: low endotoxin and bioburden testing to support sensitive in‑vitro and in‑vivo research.
3.Consistent performance: controlled synthesis and purification deliver tight lot‑to‑lot variability.
4.Practical formats: lyophilized powder, standard packs from milligrams to multi‑gram.
5.Custom options: aliquoting and counter‑ion exchange (e.g., acetate) available on request.
6.Responsive service: fast lead times and technical support for protocol setup and assay troubleshooting.
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Form |
Sample Order |
Specification |
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Raw powder |
1 g |
Purity is NLT 99.62% |
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Vials |
10 vials |
3ml/5ml/7ml/15ml vials etc. |
Products Description
Dendritic cells (DCs) and innate immunity
a. Promotes DC maturation and upregulation of co‑stimulatory molecules (CD80/CD86, HLA‑DR), enhancing antigen presentation and cross‑presentation.
b. Modulates Toll‑like receptor (TLR) pathways-most notably the TLR2/TLR9 axis-amplifying downstream MyD88/NF‑κB signaling and balancing type I interferons and IL‑12.
T cells and adaptive immunity
a. Drives a Th1‑skewed response (IFN‑γ↑, IL‑2↑); in some contexts reduces Th2/immunosuppressive factors (e.g., IL‑4/IL‑10), correcting Treg/effector T‑cell imbalance.
b. Enhances CD8+ cytotoxic T‑cell function with a trend toward reversing exhaustion (reports of increased granzyme/perforin expression).
NK/antiviral and antitumor effects
a. Increases NK‑cell cytotoxicity and target specificity, indirectly improving recognition of MHC‑I phenotypes.
b. No direct virucidal activity; its "antiviral" effect arises chiefly from immune restoration and improved clearance efficiency.
Immune homeostasis
In immunocompromised states (post‑chemotherapy, immunosenescence, or the later course of severe infection), helps realign lymphocyte profiles and function; use caution in autoimmune settings to avoid over‑activation.
Clinical Applications and Evidence Overview (Research/Academic Exchange Perspective)
1.Severe infection and sepsis
Recent multicenter RCTs and meta-analyses collectively indicate that Thymosin alpha 1 peptide may reduce 28‑day mortality overall, yet the benefit attenuates in higher‑quality and multicenter subgroups-underscoring sensitivity to trial quality and population heterogeneity. An updated meta‑analysis of 11 RCTs (n≈1,927) showed a pooled reduction in 28‑day mortality (OR≈0.73, 95% CI 0.59–0.90), but trial sequential analysis did not reach the required information size. In high‑quality trials the effect was smaller (OR≈0.82, P=0.09), and in multicenter studies it was non‑significant (OR≈0.86, P=0.20). The largest double‑blind, multicenter phase III RCT (TESTS; n=1,106) did not improve mortality or major outcomes overall, though exploratory signals appeared in subgroups such as older adults and patients with diabetes, suggesting a need for personalized, biomarker‑guided strategies.
Mechanism‑aligned intermediates: multiple RCTs report increases in peripheral monocyte mHLA‑DR, recovery of T‑cell compartments, and reductions in APACHE II scores, while SOFA differences are limited and results are inconsistent across studies.
Academic takeaway: current evidence favors trial designs that enrich for responsive subsets and use immune biomarkers-such as low mHLA‑DR or T‑cell exhaustion profiles-to mitigate effect dilution from heterogeneous cohorts.
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP)
A 2025 systematic review and meta‑analysis of five RCTs (n=706) found that Tα1 significantly increased the CD4+ fraction (MD≈+4.53%) and the CD4/CD8 ratio (MD≈+0.42), reduced CRP (low‑dose 1.6 mg/day subgroup MD≈−30 mg/L), and lowered extra‑pancreatic infections overall (RR≈0.56; bloodstream infection RR≈0.60; intra‑abdominal infection RR≈0.38). Length of stay was unchanged, while APACHE II scores declined (MD≈−1.52).
Multicenter, double‑blind RCTs support the feasibility of an immune‑enhancement approach in high‑risk SAP, but the optimal dose, duration, and beneficiary profiles remain to be defined.
Academic takeaway: the reduction in infectious complications likely follows a chain of CD4+ restoration, re‑balancing of inflammation, and improved barrier/clearance efficiency. Integration with nutrition, infection control, and minimally invasive interventions is recommended to realize clinical value.
Methodology and Future Research Directions
Evidence hierarchy
A consistent split persists: small, single‑center trials often suggest benefit, while large, high‑quality multicenter studies trend toward neutral results. Trial sequential analysis indicates the cumulative information size remains insufficient, so any conclusions should be considered provisional.
Population stratification
Exploratory subgroup signals have been noted in patients with comorbid cancer, diabetes, or coronary artery disease, with certainty ranging from low to moderate. These findings support the feasibility of a precision‑immunology strategy.
Trial design recommendations
1.Base eligibility on immune phenotypes-e.g., low monocyte HLA‑DR, CD4/CD8 imbalance, or markers of T‑cell exhaustion-rather than clinical diagnosis alone.
2.Use standardized composite endpoints that integrate biological and clinical measures, and include prespecified long‑term follow‑up (90 days and 6 months).
3.Employ add‑on designs atop standard care, with preplanned interaction analyses for combinations with interferon/antivirals, ICIs, or immunonutrition.
FAQ
Q: What is thymosin alpha 1 used for?
A: Current focus: biomarker‑enriched cohorts (low mHLA‑DR, CD4/CD8 imbalance, T‑cell exhaustion).
Q: What are the side effects of thymosin alpha 1 peptide?
A: Mostly mild: injection‑site erythema/pain and transient flu‑like symptoms; occasional fatigue/headache. Rare risks: autoimmune flare or graft rejection-monitor lymphocyte subsets and liver enzymes in studies.
Q: Can thymosin alpha 1 help with autoimmune diseases?
A: Evidence is insufficient. Given its Th1‑skewing potential, it may exacerbate certain autoimmune conditions; limit use to clinical trials under specialist oversight with disease‑activity monitoring.
Q: Are you a peptide supplier?
A: Yes, we are a factory specializing in the integrated production and sales of peptides and APIs.
Q: Can you provide OEM/ODM?
A: Of course, we can not only provide this service, but also offer customized solutions.
Q: Do you guarantee smooth delivery?
A: This is the foundation of our service guarantee. We will ensure you receive your goods in perfect condition. Otherwise, we will provide unconditional returns/refunds.
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